Perhatikan dua pasang kalimat berikut ini.
- The woman comes from Bandung. She lives next door.
- I bought a new book. The book was written by a famous author.
- The woman who lives next door comes from Bandung.
- I bought a new book which was written by a famous author.
What is an adjective clause or relative clause?
Bagian kalimat yang dicetak miring di sebut adjective clause atau relative clause. Adjective clause atau relative clause adalah klausa (anak kalimat) yang tidak dapat berdiri sendiri dan merupakan bagian dari suatu kalimat induk (main clause). Adjective clause atau relative clause memberikan informasi tambahan tentang seseorang, suatu benda, tempat, atau waktu. Pada kalimat di atas, who lives next door memperjelas siapa yang sedang dibicarakan.Jadi, fungsi dari adjective clause atau relative clause adalah:
- Memperjelas atau mendefinisikan orang atau benda manakah yang sedang dibicarakan, tanpa membuat suatu kalimat baru.
- Menghindari pengulangan kata yang tidak perlu. Remember, avoid repetition as much as possible.
Perlu diketahui, adjective clause atau relative clause adalah salah satu testing point yang hampir selalu diujikan dalam setiap test TOEFL. (baca Tips TOEFL: Strategi Mengerjakan Test TOEFL Dengan Mengenali Testing Point)
Penulisan adjective clause atau relative clause dalam kalimat: Dengan koma atau tanpa koma?
Kadang kita bingung dalam menentukan apakah adjective clause atau relative clause harus dipisah dari kalimat induk dengan menggunakan koma atau tidak. Pahamilah aturan ini.- Jangan gunakan koma jika keberadaan adjective clause atau relative clause dalam kalimat dibutuhkan sebagai penjelas yang mendefinisikan orang / benda yang sedang dibicarakan. Inilah yang dalam istilah grammar disebut defining relative clause. Tanpa defining relative clause, hal yang dibicarakan dalam kalimat akan menjadi tidak jelas.
- Gunakan koma jika keberadaan adjective clause atau relative clause dalam kalimat hanya sebagai informasi tambahan tentang seseorang / suatu hal. Inilah yang dalam istilah grammar disebut non-defining relative clause. Tanpa menggunakan non-defining relative clause-pun, hal / orang yang dibicarakan dalam kalimat sudah jelas.
Defining Relative Clause | Non-defining Relative Clause |
---|---|
The rhincodon typus is a species of shark which reaches approximately 12 metres (39 ft). I will introduce you to a friend who runs a successful business. | Sharks, which date from more than 420 million years ago, have diversified into 440 species. Mr. Lui, who has been our principal for two years, is a very energetic man. |
Tips singkat membuat adjective clause atau relative clause
- "Who" digunakan jika adjective clause atau relative clause membicarakan seseorang, bukan benda.
- The doctor who is examining the patient is a heart specialist.
- I am going to tell you a story about a man who risked his own life to help another..
- "That" atau "which" digunakan jika adjective clause atau relative clause membicarakan benda, bukan seseorang.
- The book that I borrowed from the local library two days ago was about the theories of learning.
- My son enjoyed reading the storybook that I bought him last month.
- "That" lebih umum digunakan daripada "which". Akan tetapi, non-defining relative clause hanya boleh menggunakan "which".
- She lived in a house that / which overlooked the beach.
- He told us about his new job, which he enjoyed very much. (‘that’ is not possible)
- "Whose" digunakan untuk mengganti kata ganti milik "his", "her", "their".
- A widow is a woman whose husband is dead. (her husband is dead)
- Do you still remember the boy whose book you borrowed?
- "Whom" digunakan untuk menggantikan kata ganti orang jika posisinya adalah sebagai obyek pada relative clause. Dalam bahasa Inggris lisan, "whom" seringkali digantikan oleh "who", "that", atau dihilangkan sama sekali.
- Do you know the man (whom) we met in the hotel lobby this morning?
- The student (whom) the teacher sent out was caught cheating during a test.
- "Where" digunakan jika relative clause membicarakan suatu tempat.
- The house where we lived before moving here was quite old.
- The beach where human skeletons were found is closed for public.
- "When" digunakan jika relative clause membicarakan waktu.
- Do you still remember the day when we first met?
- September is the month when mango trees start to bear fruit.
Exercise: Combine the sentences using adjective clause or relative clause
- The village has changed a lot. I grew up there.
- I ran into an old friend on Facebook. I haven't seen her for twenty years.
- The movie was boring. I saw it last week.
- I am reading a blog post. It talks about adjective clauses.
- The man is my teacher. He wrote the article.
- Saturday is the day. We are going to have a picnic to the beach on that day.
- We visited a farmer. His house is at the foot of a mountain.
- I will explain my absence to my teacher. I missed his class.
- The foreigner came from UK. I had conversation with him on a bus.
- The TV program was good. I watched it last night.
Essential Reads
📘 Reducing An Adjective Clause Into An Adjective Phrase 📘 More about Adjective Clause (Relative Clause) 📘 Mengubah Adverb Clause ke Modifying Phrase Menggunakan Participle 📘 Tips & Strategi Mengerjakan Test TOEFL Dengan Mengenali Testing Point- Azar B.S. Understanding and Using English Grammar (2nd Ed). NJ: Prentice-Hall. Inc, 1989.
- Thomson & Martinet. A Practical English Grammar (4th Ed). Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986.
- Swan, M. Practical English Usage. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1980.
thank you very much sir, this article was very useful
ReplyDeleteYou're most welcome. Thanks for your visit
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