How to Write a Procedural Text: A Step-by-Step Guide

A. What is a Procedural Text?

A procedural text is a type of writing that explains how to do, operate, or create something. It typically uses present tense and organizes the information into a logical series of steps.

Procedural texts can serve different purposes, such as explaining how something works or how to operate devices (like scanners, computers, or cameras), providing instructions for activities (such as recipes, game rules, or science experiments), or offering advice on behavior (like tips for being a good secretary or living a healthy life).

B. What are the Common Forms of Procedural Texts?

In our daily lives, procedural texts appear in a variety of forms. Some of the most common include:

1. Recipes: Typically include two main sections:
   • Ingredients: A list of items needed for the recipe.
   • Method: Step-by-step instructions on how to prepare the dish.
2. DIY: Offer clear instructions on creating or fixing something, and generally include:
   • Equipment: Tools and materials lists.
   • Procedure: Detailed sequential steps.
3. Game Instructions: Usually consist of:
   • How to Play: Explaining the gameplay process.
   • Game Rules: Guidelines that must be followed.
   • Scoring Method: How points are awarded.
   • Number of Players: The required or allowed number of participants.
4. Scientific Experiments: Generally include:
   • Purpose: The objective of the experiment.
   • Equipment: A list of tools and materials needed.
   • Procedure: Detailed steps to conduct the experiment.
   • Observations: What is noticed during the experiment.
   • Conclusion: The results or findings.

C. How to Write a Procedural Text

• Start by clearly stating the objective of the procedure.
• List all materials and equipment in the order they will be used.
• Present the steps in a logical, chronological sequence.
• Address a general audience by using inclusive pronouns like "You" or "We" instead of referring to specific individuals.
• Use imperative verbs (action verbs) such as "prepare," "draw," "plug," "check," and more to instruct.
• Use transition words to indicate the flow of steps, such as: First, Second, Next, Then, and Finally.
• Provide detailed instructions, using adverbs of manner to specify how (e.g., slowly with a piece of cloth), adverbs of place to describe where (e.g., on the surface), and adverbs of time to indicate when (e.g., once the mirror is dry).
• Give precise descriptions of the size, shape, color, and quantity of materials.

D. Example of a procedural text

How to Prepare a Perfect Cup of Herbal Tea

This procedure will guide you in preparing a refreshing cup of herbal tea.

Materials needed:

1. 1 tea bag (or 1 tablespoon of loose leaf herbal tea)
2. 1 cup of hot water
3. Teapot or mug
4. Spoon (optional)
5. Noodle packet
6. Honey or lemon (optional)

Steps:

1. Boil the Water
   Fill a kettle with water and bring it to a boil. Wait until it reaches a rolling boil (when large bubbles are rising rapidly).
2. Prepare the Tea Bag
   Place the tea bag or loose leaf tea in your teapot or mug. If using loose leaf tea, you may want to use a tea infuser for easy removal later.
3. Pour the Hot Water
   Carefully pour the hot water over the tea bag or tea leaves. Ensure the water covers the tea completely.
4. Steep the Tea
   Let the tea steep for 3-5 minutes, depending on how strong you like your tea. For a more robust flavor, steep a little longer.
5. Remove the Tea Bag
   After steeping, remove the tea bag or infuser. Discard it properly, ensuring no tea drips onto the table.
6. Add Optional Ingredients
   If desired, stir in honey or a slice of lemon to add flavor to your tea. Adjust to your preference.
7. Serve and Enjoy
   Your herbal tea is now ready to be enjoyed. Sip it slowly and relax!

Updated:

1. 1st: May 2nd, 2013
2. 2nd: Jan 7th, 2025

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