Simple Past Tense: Bentuk, Penggunaan, dan Latihan Soal

	KOMPETENSI DASAR
3.6	Menganalisis fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan teks interaksi transaksional lisan dan tulis yang melibatkan tindakan memberi dan meminta informasi terkait keadaan / tindakan / kegiatan / kejadian yang dilakukan/terjadi di waktu lampau yang merujuk waktu terjadinya dan kesudahannya, sesuai dengan konteks penggunaannya. (Perhatikan unsur kebahasaan simple past tense vs present perfect tense)
4.6	Menyusun teks interaksi transaksional, lisan dan tulis, pendek dan sederhana, yang melibatkan tindakan unsur dan meminta informasi terkait keadaan/tindakan/kegiatan/kejadian yang dilakukan/terjadi di waktu lampau yang merujuk waktu terjadinya dan kesudahannya, dengan memperhatikan fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan yang benar dan sesuai konteks.

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Simple Past tense adalah bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan untuk membicarakan kegiatan atau kejadian di waktu lampau. Ada beberapa tenses yang bisa digunakan untuk membicarakan sesuatu yang terjadi di masa lampau, akan tetapi simple past tense inilah yang paling sering digunakan. Dalam materi ini, kita akan mempelajari bentuk atau struktur serta penggunaan Simple Past tense melalui contoh-contoh kalimat dan latihan soal untuk membantu kalian dalam belajar.

Daftar Isi

• 1. Struktur dan bentuk kata kerja Simple Past tense
• 2. Kata kerja "to be" dalam Simple Past tense
• 3. Penggunaan dan contoh kalimat Simple Past tense
• 4. Latihan soal Simple Past tense

1. Bagaimana struktur kalimat dan bentuk kata kerja Simple Past tense?

Untuk membuat kalimat dalam Simple Past tense, kita menggunakan;

kata kerja bentuk lampau (Verb 2)
atau
auxiliary (did) + kata kerja dasar (verb 1)

Struktur kalimat positif, kalimat tanya, dan kalimat negatif dalam Simple Past tense secara lengkap adalah sebagai berikut:

(+) Subject + verb 2
(?) Did + subject + verb 1?
(-) Subject + did not (didn't) + verb 1

Lihatlah contoh-contoh kalimat dalam Simple Past tense berikut ini.

Contoh kalimat positif dalam Simple Past tense

Subject	Past verb (verb 2)
I	arrived	last week.
He	left	this morning.
Alya	worked	hard yesterday.

Contoh kalimat tanya dalam Simple Past tense

Did	subject	verb 1
Did	you	arrive	last week?
Did	he	leave	this morning?
Did	Alya	worked	hard yesterday?

Contoh kalimat negatif dalam Simple Past tense

Subject	did not (didn't)	verb 1
I	did not (didn't)	arrive	yesterday.
He	did not (didn't)	leave	this morning.
Alya	did not (didn't)	worked	hard yesterday.

Di bawah ini adalah contoh beberapa kata kerja dasar (verb 1), baik regular maupun irregular verbs, dengan perubahannya dalam bentuk Simple Past (verb 2).

Regular verbs		Irregular verbs
Verb 1	Verb 2	Verb 1	Verb 2
base	based	blow	blew
work	worked	go	went
want	wanted	come	came
like	liked	see	saw
visit	visited	read	read
play	played	write	wrote

Untuk daftar irregular verbs yang lebih lengkap, bisa dilihat dan diunduh di halaman Daftar Irregular Verbs Lengkap Dengan Artinya.

2. Bagaimana dengan kata kerja "to be" dalam Simple Past tense?

Penting diketahui bahwa kata kerja "to be" tidak menggunakan struktur kalimat past tense seperti di atas. Kata kerja "to be" (was, were) tidak membutuhkan auxiliary pada kalimat negatif dan kalimat tanya. Subyek I/he/she/it membutuhkan bentuk "to be" was, sedangkan we/you/they membutuhkan bentuk "to be" were. Perhatikan struktur kalimat Simple Past tense dengan kata kerja "to be" berikut ini:

Struktur kalimat Simple Past tense dengan kata kerja "to be"

	Subject	to be
(+)	I He They	was was were	here yesterday. here yesterday. here yesterday.
(?)	Were Was Were	you he they	here yesterday? here yesterday? here yesterday?
(-)	I He They	was not (wasn't) was not (wasn't) were not (weren't)	here yesterday. here yesterday. here yesterday.

3. Bagaimana dan kapan kita menggunakan Simple Past tense?

Seperti yang telah disebutkan di atas, Simple Past tense adalah bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan untuk kegiatan atau kejadian di waktu lampau. Karena itu, Simple Past tense hampir selalu digunakan dalam teks recount tentang pengalaman seseorang atau biografi seorang tokoh, narrative, seperti dongeng, legenda, dan cerita rakyat, serta teks berita (news item).

Secara lebih spesifik, Simple Past tense digunakan untuk:

• Membicarakan suatu keadaan, kejadian atau kegiatan di waktu lampau dan waktu kejadiannya disebutkan atau sudah diketahui. Contoh:
  • The coronavirus first surfaced in a Chinese seafood and poultry market in Wuhan at the end of 2019.
  • On January 11 2020, Chinese state media reported the first known death from an illness caused by the virus.
  • Wage Rudolf Supratman, the writer of "Indonesia Raya" national anthem, was born on March 9, 1903 in Somongari, Purworejo, Central Java.
• Membicarakan suatu keadaan, kejadian atau kegiatan yang sudah jelas terjadi di waktu lampau meskipun waktu kejadian tidak disebutkan secara spesifik. Contoh:
  • I graduated from a vocational high school in Probolinggo.
  • She worked in that factory for two years. (but she does not work there now.)
  • I bought this book in a book market in Malang.
• Membicarakan suatu keadaan, kejadian atau kegiatan yang terjadi di suatu periode waktu lampau yang tidak mungkin akan terjadi lagi. Contoh:
  • Ismail Marzuki wrote at least 22 songs in his life.
  • My father took me to the zoo twice when I was a child.
  • It rained three times last week.
  Di sinilah letak perbedaan Simple Past dengan Present Perfect tense.

  Peristiwa-peristiwa lampau dalam kalimat contoh di atas tidak mungkin akan terjadi lagi karena jangka waktunya sudah berakhir. Jika jangka waktu masih belum berakhir dan masih ada kemungkinan untuk terjadi lagi, kita harus menggunakan bentuk Present Perfect tense.

• Menanyakan kapan waktu terjadinya suatu keadaan, kejadian, atau kegiatan di waktu lampau. Contoh:
  
  • When did you arrive from Surabaya?
  • When did you meet her?
  • What time did you leave the office last night?
• Dengan adverbs of frequency seperti always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, rarely, never, Simple Past digunakan untuk membicarakan kebiasaan di masa lampau, sama seperti penggunaan used to untuk membicarakan kebiasaan lampau. Contoh:
  • My father always picked me up from school.
  • They never came late.
  • He was always busy in the morning.
• Membuat kalimat conditional (conditional sentence) type 2. Contoh:
  • If you took a closer look, you would be able to see the difference between these two pictures.
  • If they weren't so noisy, we would be able to concentrate.
  • It would not be so cold if you closed that window.

EXERCISE

A. Lengkapilah kalimat-kalimat di bawah ini dengan bentuk Simple Past (verb 2) dari kata kerja yang sesuai.

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borrow - drive - give - watch - be - eat - spend - teach - decide - play

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1. He ... his childhood in a small village in East Java.
2. I ... a good movie last night.
3. We ... a very satisfying dinner last night.
4. Before moving here, we always ... an hour to work every day.
5. Lusi often ... tennis on weekends.
6. The Japanese teacher ... our class last semester.
7. She ... absent from school yesterday.
8. We ... to work until late last night in order to meet the deadline.
9. My Mom ... me a wonderful present on my last birthday.
10. He ... my dictionary a few days ago.

B. Lengkapilah kalimat-kalimat berikut dengan mengubah kata kerja di dalam kurung ke dalam Simple Past tense. Lakukan perubahan susunan kalimat jika diperlukan.

Example:

• She (make) this delicious cake this morning.
  Answer: She made this delicious cake this morning.
• How you (get) your present job?
  Answer: How did you get your present job?

1. My grandmother once (live) in Jember, East Java.
2. She (work) in a foreign company for 3 years.
3. They (buy) the car from a showroom last month.
4. She (go) to the movie last night?
5. I am sorry. I (not hear) the telephone.
6. When you (send) the email?
7. She (be) late because of the traffic jam.
8. On 17 August 1945, Soekarno and Hatta (proclaim) the independence of Indonesia.
9. They (not celebrate) the event because of Covid-19 outbreak.
10. You (enjoy) your holiday?

C. Lengkapilah kalimat-kalimat berikut dengan mengubah kata kerja di dalam kurung ke dalam Simple Past tense. Pilihlah antara kalimat positif dan negatif sesuai dengan makna kalimat.

Example:

• It was hot in the room, so we ... the windows. (open)
  Answer: It was hot in the room, so we opened the windows.
• It was cold outside, so we ... the windows. (open)
  Answer: It was cold outside, so we didn't open the windows.

1. It was very crowded, so we ... the concert. (enjoy)
2. It was very cloudy this morning, so I ... my umbrella. (bring)
3. I was very tired, but I ... very well. The bed was uncomfortable. (sleep)
4. Atri ... to work yesterday because he was sick. (go)
5. I have submitted the documents they need. I ... it by email about an hour ago. (send)

Challenge Yourself

📘 Check your score in Simple Past Tense Online Exercise 📘 Simple Past VS Present Perfect tense 📘 Simple Past VS Past Continuous tense 📘 Simple Past VS Present Perfect tense

Reference:

• Azar B.S. Understanding and Using English Grammar (2nd Ed). NJ: Prentice-Hall. Inc, 1989.
• Thomson and Martinet (1986). A Practical English Grammar (4th Ed). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

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